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Internet in the K-12 Classroom |
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Week 7
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Weekly
Reader: San Francisco
Gate
The Childhood Internet Protection
Act
Adopted by the FCC March 30, 2001
An excerpt from the Introduction
"I. Introduction
1. In this Report and Order... to implement the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA)...schools and libraries that have computers with Internet access must certify that they have in place certain Internet safety policies and technology protection measures in order to be eligible under section 254(h) of the Communications Act of 1934...to receive discounted Internet access, Internet services, and internal connection services. CIPA also requires that our rules implementing the statute be in effect by April 20, 2001.
2. We adopt these rules with the goal of faithfully implementing CIPA in a manner consistent with Congress’s intent. We have attempted to craft our rules in the most practical and efficacious way possible, while providing schools and libraries with maximum flexibility in determining the best approach. Moreover, to reduce burdens in the application process, we have designed rules to use existing processes where applicable. We conclude that local authorities are best situated to choose which technology measures and Internet safety policies will be most appropriate for their relevant communities."
An excerpt from page three
"An authorized person may disable the blocking or filtering measure during any use by an adult to enable access for bona fide research or other lawful purpose."
(March 30, 2001). Federal Communications Commision Home Page. FCC. Retrieved April 18, 2002, from www.fcc.gov
American Library
Association Full Text, Summary, Analysis
An excerpt from the introduction
Universal Service Program (commonly known as E-rate)
Adopted by the FCC on May 7,
1997
"The Order ensures that all eligible schools and libraries have affordable access to modern telecommunications and information services. Up to $2.25 billion annually is available to provide eligible schools and libraries with discounts, often referred to as the "E-rate," for authorized services, beginning January 1, 1998.
Overview
Level of DiscountsDiscounts range from 20 percent to 90 percent, depending on economic need and location (urban or rural). The level of discount is based upon the percentage of students eligible for participation in the federal free and reduced price school lunch program. Libraries will use the school lunch eligibility percentage and urban/rural status for their local school district."
(May 7, 1997). US Dept Education. Universal Service. Retrieved April 18, 2002, from http://www.ed.gov/Technology/erateforms/slcmai1a.html
Note that CIPA is not a law, it is a strongly worded suggestion. Schools are libraries are not legally bound to filter the Internet. They are required to filter the Internet if they want discounts on their Internet Connections. In some cities, the public library is funded by endowments and can afford to be unfiltered while the school library is filtered. It's a local decision whether or not to follow CIPA, though most schools do.
One dilemma is an Access Divide. Only affluent communities have the freedom to chose adult monitoring over electronic filtering. Well-funding schools and libraries can opt for free and equal access to the Internet. Poor communities, where discounts could reach 90-percent, can not afford this choice. There is a potential that children who cannot afford a computer in their home and live in poor communities would have no easy access to an an unfiltered Internet. Thus, affluent children would have access to information that is unavailable to poor families.
The American Library Association opposes CIPA and is fighting the Act in court.
CIPA voted unconstitutional my Philadelphia judges
Closing Arguments in the Trial April 3, 2002
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Assignment 1
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There are many worthy opponents who are either against technology in education, or against too much technology in education, or against technology for elementary-grade students.
Read some of each of the arguments presented below and develop your own opinions.
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Controversies involving technology in education |
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| Interview with Clifford Stoll, Author of the best-seller The Cuckoo's Egg and High Tech Heretic: Why Computers Don't Belong in the Classroom & Other Reflections by a Computer Contrarian (Doubleday, 1999) | The Computer Delusion by Todd Oppenheimer |
Stephen C. Ehrmann, Ph.D.
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Some say
it Doesn't Compute Education World |
| Book review of High Tech Heretic: Why Computers Don't Belong in the Classroom & Other Reflections by a Computer Contrarian (Doubleday, 1999) |
How Young
is Too Young, by Kathleen Vail
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Fool's Gold Alliance for Childhood:
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Some say
it Does Make a Difference Education World |
Learn More: AskEric
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Assignment 2
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Ever wonder who runs the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of networks where everything must be compatible. Who sets the standards? Who is in charge? Who are the master architects behind the Internet?
Below are the watering holes and home pages of the organizations that hold the Internet together. These are the executive lounges, the board rooms, the neighborhood bulletin boards, and the smoky backrooms where research is shared and ideas are hatched. Mixed in this crowd are technicians with an educational focus and educators with a technical focus.
About these readings: Early warning, some of you may find many of these sites dry and technical. Keep in mind the clientele. This content is for a selective audience. We are but visiting laymen.
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The Master
Architects of the Internet |
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The World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) "The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential as a forum for information, commerce, communication, and collective understanding." |
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) "IETF is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual." |
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Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) "The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the non-profit corporation that was formed to assume responsibility for the IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions previously performed under U.S. Government contract by IANA and other entities." |
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) "The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from some 140 countries, one from each country. ISO is a non-governmental organization established in 1947. The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity." |
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Internet Society (ISOC)
"The Internet SOCiety (ISOC) is a professional membership society with more than 150 organizational and 6,000 individual members in over 100 countries. It provides leadership in addressing issues that confront the future of the Internet, and is the organization home for the groups responsible for Internet infrastructure standards, including the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)" |
International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) "ISTE is a nonprofit professional organization with a worldwide membership of leaders and potential leaders in educational technology. We are dedicated to promoting appropriate uses of information technology to support and improve learning, teaching, and administration in K–12 education and teacher education." |
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Key Players in
Internet History |
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The Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) DARPA is the birthplace of the Internet. "It is the central research and development organization for the Department of Defense (DoD). It manages and directs selected basic and applied research and development projects for DoD, and pursues research and technology where risk and payoff are both very high and where success may provide dramatic advances for traditional military roles and missions." |
Electronic Frontier
"Based in San Francisco, EFF is a donor-supported membership organization working to protect our fundamental rights regardless of technology; to educate the press, policymakers and the general public about civil liberties issues related to technology; and to act as a defender of those liberties. Among our various activities, EFF opposes misguided legislation, initiates and defends court cases preserving individuals' rights, launches global public campaigns, introduces leading edge proposals and papers, hosts frequent educational events, engages the press regularly, and publishes a comprehensive archive of digital civil liberties information at one of the most linked-to websites in the world: http://www.eff.org." |
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| The WELL
"Online discussions celebrating 15 years. The WELL is an online gathering place like no other -- remarkably uninhibited, intelligent, and iconoclastic. For an action-packed fifteen years, it's been a literate watering hole for thinkers from all walks of life, be they artists, journalists, programmers, educators or activists. These WELL members return to The WELL, often daily, to engage in discussion, swap information, express their convictions and greet their friends in online forums known as WELL Conferences." |
Conseil
Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN) The birthplace of the World Wide Web Internet Pioneers Stories of the Founding Fathers Zen and the Art of the Internet
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Other Key Players |
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| The International
Technology Education Association (ITEA) "ITEA is the largest professional educational association, principal voice, and information clearinghouse devoted to enhancing technology education through experiences in our schools (K-12). Its membership encompasses individuals and institutions throughout the world with the primary membership in North America." |
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Association for
Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) "The mission of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology is to provide leadership in educational communications and technology by linking professionals holding a common interest in the use of educational technology and its application to the learning process." |
Corporation for Education
Network Initiatives in California (CENIC) "CENIC will represent the common interests of California's higher education academic and research communities in achieving robust, high capacity, next generation Internet communications services. CENIC's membership is drawn from California higher education institutions and information technology industries. It is highly accountable to the institutions it serves in order to fulfill the trust that will be placed with it." |
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| National Board for
Professional Teaching Standards "Center for Advanced Internet Research (ICAIR) www.icair.org The mission of the Center is To Accelerate Leading-Edge Innovation and Enhanced Digital Global Communications through Advanced Internet Technologies, in Partnership with the International Community." |
International Center for
Advanced Internet Research (ICAIR) "To Accelerate Leading-Edge Innovation and Enhanced Global Communications through Advanced Internet Technologies, in Partnership with the International Community." |
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| National Center for Education
Statistics (NCES) U.S. Department of Education The primary federal entity for collecting educational data |
USIC State of the Internet 2000 United States Internet Council |
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